Hydraulic Formulas for Motors and Pumps

Although motors and pumps may appear similar, they serve distinct functions. Pumps utilize an external power source, such as an engine or electric motor, to create flow within a hydraulic system. In contrast, a hydraulic motor produces rotational force when fluid passes through it. Below are some formulas you can use to calculate important figures when working with hydraulic pumps and motors.

Here are the essential hydraulic formulas for motors & pumps to help calculate performance metrics like displacement, torque, speed, and power in hydraulic motor systems.

1. Displacement (cm³/rev or cc/rev)

• D = Displacement (cm³/rev)
• Q = Flow rate (L/min)
• N = Motor speed (rpm)

2. Motor Speed (rpm)

• N = Speed (rpm)
• Q = Flow rate (L/min)
• D = Displacement (cm³/rev)

3. Torque (Nm)

• T = Torque (Nm)
• D = Displacement (cm³/rev)
• ΔP = Pressure drop across motor (bar)

4. Hydraulic Power (kW)

• P = Power (kW)
• T = Torque (Nm)
• N = Speed (rpm)

5. Power (Hydraulics)

6. Flow Rate (L/min)

• Q = Flow rate (L/min)
• D = Displacement (cm³/rev)
• N = Speed (rpm)

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